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Sains Malaysiana 54(3)(2025): 701-720
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2025-5403-08
Prestasi Ciri
Morfo-Agronomi Padi (Oryza sativa L.)
dalam Kawasan Penanaman Kurang Subur
(Performance of
Morpho-Agronomic Characteristics of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Less
Fertile Cultivation Areas)
NUR SAKINAH MOHD YUSRI1, PUTERI NUR DINIE ELLINA ZULKAFLI1,
SELVIA DEWI POHAN2, SHAKIRAH MOHAMMAD NAHAR1, ASMUNI MOHD IKMAL1,
MUHAMMAD SHAFIE MD SAH3, SOBRI
HUSSEIN4, NADIATUR AKMAR ZULKIFLI1 & NORAZIYAH ABD AZIZ SHAMSUDIN1,*
1Jabatan Sains Biologi dan Bioteknologi,
Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi,
Selangor, Malaysia
2Jabatan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika
dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Medan, Sumatera Utara, 20221,
Indonesia
3Pusat Penyelidikan Agrobiodiversiti dan
Persekitaran, Ibu Pejabat MARDI, Persiaran MARDI-UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor,
Malaysia
4Bahagian Agro dan Biosains, Agensi Nuklear Malaysia, 43000 Kajang, Selangor,
Malaysia
Received: 6 August
2024/Accepted: 16 December 2024
Abstrak
Kadar sara diri (SSL) beras Malaysia hanya kira-kira 63%, jadi untuk mengekalkan kestabilan sosial dan ekonomi negara, pelbagai inisiatif telah diambil untuk meningkatkan hasil padi. Penanaman padi di kawasan tanah terbiar yang biasanya kurang subur boleh membantu meningkatkan produktiviti padi tetapi adalah penting untuk mengenal pasti genotipyang beradaptasi dengan baik di tanah kurang subur selain melakukan perawatan tanah. Penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti genotip padi yang mempunyai adaptasi yang tinggi terhadap tanah yang kurang subur. Prestasi morfo-agronomi 58 genotip padi moden dan tradisi telah dinilai di plot padidi Kompleks Rumah Tumbuhan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia bagi dua musim penanaman. Kaedah amalan pengurusan plot adalah berdasarkan kepada ‘Rice Check’ oleh Jabatan Pertanian,
Malaysia. Dalam kedua-dua musim penanaman, perbezaan yang signifikan antara
genotip diperhatikan bagi kesemua tujuh ciri. Kesemua ciri mempunyai nilai
keterwarisan (H) yang tinggi (0.79
< H ≤ 1.00), kecuali
kandungan klorofil (CC) pada musim I (H = 0.51). Memandangkan pengaruh genetik lebih mendominasi persekitaran, ciri
dengan nilai keterwarisan yang tinggi boleh digunakan untuk pemilihan langsung.
Bagi kawasan kurang subur, genotip tradisi menunjukkan prestasi yang lebih baik
berbanding genotip moden daripada segi
hasil bijian (GY), panjang panikel (PL) dan bilangan panikel (PN), tetapi turut
mempunyai hari berbunga (DTF) yang lebih panjang dan lebih tinggi dalam
kedua-dua musim penanaman. Selain itu, hubungan korelasi positif yang
signifikan diperoleh antara ciri GY dengan PN (r=0.40 dan 0.58, p<0.01)
dan PL (r=0.45, p<0.001) untuk kedua-dua musim penanaman. Lima puluh
lapan genotip (58) padi telah dikelompokkan kepada 8 kluster berdasarkan tujuh
ciri yang dikaji pada kedua-dua musim penanaman. Genotip tradisi seperti Towuti,
Pongsu Seribu, Ulat Kuning, Huma Kuning Lenggong dan Lumut boleh digunakan
sebagai induk untuk membangunkan genotip padi baharu dengan semua ciri unggul seperti hasil tinggi,
adaptasi yang baik dalam tanah kurang subur atau sistem penanaman input rendah,
berketinggian sederhana dan tempoh matang yang lebih singkat dengan mengacukkan
genotip ini dengan genotip moden yang matang awal dan berketinggian sederhana.
Kata kunci: Genotip tradisi; hasil bijian; nutrien
tanah; pembiakbakaan; tekanan abiotik
Abstract
Malaysia's rice self-sufficiency rate (SSL) is only
approximately 63%, so to maintain social and economic stability in the nation,
numerous initiatives have been undertaken to boost rice yield. Planting rice in
the wasteland areas that are typically less fertile can help to increase rice
productivity, but it is crucial to identify genotypes that are well-adapted to
less fertile soil. This research aimed to identify rice genotypes that are
highly adaptable in less fertile soil. The morpho-agronomic performance of 58
modern and traditional rice genotypes was evaluated in paddy plots at the
Greenhouse Complex, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia for two
planting seasons. The plot management practices were conducted in accordance
with the ‘Rice Check’ guidelines established by the Department of Agriculture,
Malaysia. In both growing seasons, significant differences between genotypes
were observed for all seven traits. All traits exhibited high heritability (H)
values (0.79 < H ≤ 1.00), except for chlorophyll content (CC) in
season I (H = 0.51). Considering that genetic influences predominate
over environmental ones, traits with high heritability values can be used for
direct selection. Under low fertility condition, traditional rice genotypes
showed better performance in terms of grain yield (GY), panicle length (PL),
and panicle number (PN), although they were characterized by a longer day to
flowering (DTF) compared to modern rice genotypes across both planting seasons.
Additionally, a positive and significant correlation was obtained between GY with PN (r=0.40 and 0.58, p<0.01) and
PL (r=0.45, p<0.001) for both planting seasons. The 58 rice genotypes were
grouped into 8 clusters based on seven
studied traits for both growing season.
Traditional genotypes such as Towuti, Pongsu Seribu, Ulat Kuning, Huma Kuning Lenggong,
and Lumut can be used as parental lines to develop
new genotypes of rice with all the superior traits such as high yield, good
adaptation under less fertile soil or low input system, intermediate plant
height and shorter maturity by crossing them with modern genotypes that mature
early and has intermediate plant height.
Keywords: Abiotic stress; breeding; grain yield; soil nutrients; traditional genotypes
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*Corresponding author; email: nora_aziz@ukm.edu.my
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